2-羟基喹啉合成新方法研究

本研究利用简单的乙酰苯胺和丙烯酸酯作为起始原料,在过硫酸钾做氧化剂,水合对甲苯磺酸做添加剂的条件下,通过钯催化的C-H键活化/C-C键生成/环化串联反应以46%~95%收率合成了一系列2-羟基喹啉衍生物.本研究为2-羟基喹啉衍生物的合成提供了实用的合成方法.     

CuNaX催化苯甲醇无溶剂氧化合成苯甲醛

通过简单离子交换法制备了不同铜含量的CuNaX催化剂,研究了催化剂在无溶剂条件下用70%叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛反应中的催化性能.实验结果表明,随着铜含量的增加,苯甲醛的收率呈先增大后减小的趋势.当铜含量为10.4%时,苯甲醛的收率最高.在催化剂用量100mg、n(TBHP)/n(苯甲醇)=1.3、反应温度70℃、反应时间6h的优化条件下,苯甲醛的产率达34.7%.且该催化剂重复使用3次之后,苯甲醛的收率和选择性无明显下降.较高的铜含量将使NaX分子筛的结构发生部分破坏,导致苯甲醛的收率下降.     

I{2}和M{2}的有效刻画(英文)

Stewart给出了一个矩阵2-逆集合M{2}的刻画公式.但其中含有多余的任意参数,因而不是一个有效刻画.本文利用方阵的满秩分解,为I{2}_s的一个真子集B_1剔除了Stewart公式中的多余任意参数,得到了B_1的有效刻画公式;还证明了I{2}是其有限个子集的并集,其中每个子集与B_1等距同构.由此可分别建立I{2},I{2},M{2}和M{2}的有效刻画公式.算法2.1则可用于无重复地计算I{2}_s的每个元素.     

聚乙二醇负载苯磺酸催化Biginelli反应合成3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物的研究

在聚乙二醇负载的苯磺酸催化作用下,由醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯(或乙酰丙酮)、脲(或硫脲)3组份经Biginelli反应"一锅法"合成了系列3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物.该方法反应条件温和、反应时间短、产率高,并且催化剂具有可重复使用的优点.     

分子筛应用于低温NH_3-SCR脱硝催化剂的研究进展

低温NH3-SCR技术能在低于200℃的反应温度下将NOx高效转化为N2,具有较好的经济效益和应用前景.开发高活性、高抗中毒的低温SCR脱硝催化剂已成为当前国内外环境领域的研究热点.硫中毒和水抑制是阻碍低温SCR脱硝催化剂发展和应用的关键因素.分子筛具有优良的吸附性能、适宜的表面酸性、择形性以及灵活性,可有效地引入过渡金属元素,在低温SCR领域有很好的应用前景.文中综述了近年来分子筛应用于低温NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂的研究成果,重点关注ZSM-5、SAPO-34、SBA-15、MCM-41以及BETA分子筛,分析了其低温选择性催化还原性能、抗硫抗水性能以及反应机理,并对计算模拟在分子筛催化剂设计中的应用进行了介绍.最后,针对分子筛应用于低温NH3-SCR所存在的问题,指出了今后研究的方向.     

聚合物影响Al-MCM-41结构和形貌的研究

利用硝酸铝自行水解产生的弱酸环境为反应介质,使硅源正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)充分水解,随后引入氨水使无机物种聚合,通过水解-聚合两步途径,制备了硅铝介孔分子筛,考察了不同聚合物添加对其分散性及结构的影响.N2吸附-脱附、TEM和XRD表征结果表明:聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的添加有利于提高介孔硅铝分子筛的分散性和介孔结构的有序度.     

氧化石墨烯对DNA荧光分子探针FRET效应的研究

研究了氧化石墨烯的浓度、氧化石墨烯与DNA分子荧光探针的反应温度、DNA链长度对FRET效应的影响.研究表明,氧化石墨烯的浓度、氧化石墨烯与DNA分子荧光探针的反应温度、DNA链长度对FRET效应都有着重要的影响.氧化石墨烯浓度越大,其对DNA分子探针的荧光猝灭效率越高;氧化石墨烯与DNA分子荧光探针的反应温度越高,淬灭效率越高;DNA链越长,氧化石墨烯淬灭的效率越低.因此,氧化石墨烯的浓度、氧化石墨烯与DNA分子荧光探针的反应温度、DNA链长度对FRET效应都应该是设计生物传感器时考虑的因素.     

火焰雷管装药恶劣温度下安定性分析

为分析火焰雷管用N-LTNR(中性斯蒂芬酸铅)和Pb(N₃)₂(叠氮化铅)装药在-70℃~+130℃恶劣环境温度下的安定性,采用相机观测了N-LTNR在DSC(示差扫瞄量热仪)中连续升温中(≥110℃)药剂变色、颗粒变碎、变疏松,以及降温过程中(≤-40℃)颗粒破碎、蹦跳等结晶水带来的物理不安定性;为检验N-LTNR失去结晶水对Pb(N₃)₂水解反应的影响程度,对N-LTNR和Pb(N₃)₂混合装药采用纯度分析鉴定化学安定性,结果表明Pb(N₃)₂的水解反应使纯度由98.6%降到95.26%,所以该雷管装药应限制在110℃以下使用.     

H2 sensing properties of modified silicon nanowires

It has been found that the silicon nanowires modified with noble metals can be used to fabricate an effective H2 gas sensor in the present study.The preparation and surface modification of silicon nanowires(Si NWs) were carried out by chemical methods. The morphology of the silicon nanowires unmodified and modified with nanoparticles of platinum, palladium, silver and gold was investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The chemical composition of the silicon nanowire layers was studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX). The structures of type metal/Si NWs/p-Si/Al were fabricated. The electrical characterization(I–V) was performed in primary vacuum and H2 at different concentrations. It was found that the metal type used to modify the Si NWs strongly influenced the I–V characteristics. The response of these structures toward H2 gas was studied as a function of the metal type. Finally, the sensing characteristics and performance of the sensors were investigated.     

Improving thermal insulation of TC4 using YSZ-based coating and SiO2 aerogel

In this paper, air plasmas spray(APS) was used to prepare YSZ and Sc2O3–YSZ(Sc YSZ) coating in order to improve the thermal insulation ability of TC4 alloy. Si O2 aerogel was also synthesized and affixed on TC4 titanium alloy to inhabit thermal flow. The microstructures, phase compositions and thermal insulation performance of three coatings were analyzed in detail. The results of thermal diffusivity test by a laser flash method showed that the thermal diffusivities of YSZ, Sc2O3–YSZ and Si O2 aerogel are 0.553, 0.539 and 0.2097 10 6m2/s, respectively. Then,the thermal insulation performances of three kinds of coating were investigated from 20 1C to 400 1C using high infrared radiation heat flux technology. The experimental results indicated that the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloy(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ is 41.5 1C for 0.6 mm thickness coating. For 1 mm thickness coating, the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloys(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ, Sc YSZ, Si O2 aerogel three specimens is 54, 54.6 and 208 1C, respectively. The coating thickness and species were found to influence the heat insulation ability. In these materials, YSZ and Sc YSZ exhibited a little difference for heat insulation behavior. However, Si O2 aerogel was the best one among them and it can be taken as protection material on TC4 alloys. In outer space,Si O2 aerogel can meet the need of thermal insulation of TC4 of high-speed aircraft.